Choosing the right "eyes" for your robot is crucial. Here is a comparison of the most popular sensors.
1. Ultrasonic Sensors (HC-SR04)
The cheapest option. It uses sound waves to detect distance. Great for avoiding walls, but bad at detecting soft objects.
2. LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging)
The pro choice. It uses laser pulses to create a precise 2D or 3D map of the room. Essential for SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping).
3. Cameras (Computer Vision)
With AI, a simple camera can recognize objects, faces, and traffic signs. The Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 is a great start.